Chapter 9&10 Vocabulary

Chapter 9

 Aquifers • Saltwater intrusion • Dikes
• Unconfined aquifers • Floodplain • Dam
• Confined aquifers • Oligotrophic • Reservoir
• Water table • Mesotrophic • Fish ladders
• Recharge • Eutrophic • Aqueducts
• Springs • Impermeable surfaces • Desalinization
• Artesian wells • Levee • Hydroponic agriculture
• Cone of depression


Chapter 10

• Tragedy of the commons • Prescribed burn • Induced demand
• Externality • National wildlife refuges • Zoning
• Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) • National wilderness areas
 • Multi-use zoning • Resource conservation ethic
• National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) • Subsidized mortgages
 • Multiple-use lands • Environmental impact statement (EIS)
• Smart growth • Rangelands • Environmental mitigation plan
• Stakeholders • Forests • Suburban • Sense of place
• Clear-cutting • Exurban • Transit-oriented development (TOD)
• Selective cutting • Urban sprawl • Infill
• Ecologically sustainable forestry • Urban blight • Urban growth boundaries
• Tree plantations • Highway Trust Fund • Eminent domain

Chapter 7&8 Vocabulary

Chapter 7

• Demography • Developed countries • Population momentum
• Demographers • Developing countries • Theory of demographic transition
• Immigration • Life expectancy • Family planning
• Emigration • Infant mortality • Affluence
• Crude birth rate • Child mortality • IPAT equation
• Crude death rate • Age structure diagrams • Urban area
• Total fertility rate (TFR) • Population pyramid
 • Gross domestic product (GDP) • Replacement-level fertility


Chapter 8

• Core • Richter scale • E horizon • Mantle • Rock cycle
 • B horizon • Magma • Minerals • C horizon
• Asthenosphere • Igneous rocks • Texture
• Lithosphere • Intrusive • Cation exchange capacity
• Crust • Extrusive • Soil bases • Hot spots • Fractures • Soil acids
• Plate tectonics • Sedimentary rocks • Base saturation
• Tectonic cycle • Metamorphic rocks • Soil degradation
• Subduction • Physical weathering • Crustal abundance
• Volcano • Chemical weathering • Ores
• Divergent plate boundaries • Acid rain • Metals
• Seafloor spreading • Erosion • Reserve • Convergent plate boundaries
• Deposition • Strip mining • Transform fault boundary • Soil
 • Mining spoils (tailings) • Fault • Parent material • Open-pit mining
• Fault zones • Horizons • Mountaintop removal • Earthquakes
 • O horizon • Placer mining • Seismic activity • A horizon
 • Subsurface mining • Epicenter • Topsoil

Chapter 5&6 Vocabulary

Chapter 5

VOCABULARY TERMS 

• ecosystem diversity • recombination • sympatric speciation 

• species diversity • phenotype • genetically modified organisms 

• genetic diversity • evolution by artificial selection • range of tolerance 

• species richness • evolution by natural selection • fundamental niche 

• species evenness • fitness • realized niche • phylogenies • adaptations • distribution 

• evolution • genetic drift • niche generalists • microevolution • bottleneck effect
 • niche specialists • macroevolution • founder effect • fossils • genes
 • geographic isolation • mass extinction • genotype

 • reproductive isolation • mutation • allopatric speciation 

Chapter 6 

• Population • Exponential growth model • Resource partitioning 

• Community • J-shaped • Predation • Population ecology • Logistic growth model
• Pathogens • Population size • S-shaped • Mutualism
 • Population density • Overshoot • Commensalism 

• Population distribution • Die-off • Symbiotic • Sex ratio
• K-selected species • Keystone species • Age structure
 • R-selected species • predator-mediated competition 

• Density-dependent factors • Survivorship curves • Ecosystem engineers 

• Limiting resource • Corridors • Ecological succession 

• Carrying capacity • Metapopulation • Primary succession • Density-independent factors 

• Community ecology • Secondary succession • Growth rate • Competition • Pioneer species 

• Intrinsic growth rate • Competitive exclusion principle • Theory of island biogeography