Chapter 15&16 Vocabulary

VOCABULARY TERMS


 • air pollution • volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• secondary pollutants • particulate matter (PM)
particulates or particles
• primary pollutants • thermal inversion • photochemical oxidants
 • Los Angeles-type smog (brown smog) • Inversion layer
• smog • sulfurous smog • chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• photochemical smog • London-type smog (gray smog)
• asbestos  • sick building syndrome

VOCABULARY TERMS 

 • waste • closed-loop recycling • bottom ash 

• municipal solid waste • open-loop recycling • fly ash 

• waste stream • compost • acid deposition 

• e-waste • leachate • hazardous waste 

• reduce • sanitary landfills • superfund 

• reuse • tipping fee • brownfields 

• recycle • siting • life-cycle analysis 

• source reduction • incineration • integrated waste 

 management 

• recycling • ash • RCRA • CERCLA 

Chapter 12&13 VOCABULARY

Chapter 12 

VOCABULARY TERMS 

• Nonrenewable • Capacity • Energy intensity 

• Fossil fuels • Capacity factor • Hubbert curve 

• Nuclear fuels • Cogeneration • Peak oil 

• Commercial energy sources • Coal • Fission 

• Subsistence energy sources • Petroleum • Fuel rods 

• Energy carrier • Crude oil • Control rods 

• Turbine • Oil sands • Becquerel (Bq) 

• Electrical grid • Bitumen • Curie 

• Combined cycle • CTL (coal-to-liquid) • Nuclear fusion 

Chapter 13

VOCABULARY TERMS 

 • biomass • biofuels • ground source heat pumps 

• renewable • ethanol • wind energy 

• energy conservation • biodiesel • wind turbine 

• tiered rate • flex-fuel vehicles • fuel cell 

• energy efficiency • hydroelectricity • electrolysis 

• peak demand • run-of-the-river • smart Grid 

• passive solar energy • water impoundment 

• thermal inertia • tidal Energy 

• modern carbon • siltation 

• fossil carbon • active Solar Energy 

• carbon neutral • photovoltaic Solar Cells 

• net removal • geothermal Energy

Chapter 11&14 Keyterms

Vocabulary Chapter 11

• malnourished • monocropping • nomadic grazing
• food scarcity • pesticides • sustainable agriculture
• food insecurity • insecticides • intercropping
• famine • herbicides • crop rotation
• anemia • broad-spectrum pesticides
• agroforestry • meat • selective pesticides
• contour plowing • Industrial agriculture (agribusiness)
• persistent • no-till agriculture • energy subsidy
 • bioaccumulation • Integrated pest management (IPM)
 • Green Revolution • nonpersistent • organic agriculture
• economies of scale • resistant • Concentrated animal
feeding operations (CAFO’s)
 • waterlogging • pesticide treadmill • fishery
• salinization • conventional agriculture
• Ffshery collapse • organic fertilizers • shifting agriculture
• bycatch • inorganic fertilizers • desertification
 • Individual transferable quotas (ITQ’s) • aquacultur

Chapter 14

• water pollution • algal bloom • sludge
• point sources • pathogens • manure lagoons
• nonpoint sources • indicator species • acid deposition
• wastewater • fecal coliform bacteria
• PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)
• oxygen-demanding waste • septic system
• PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers)
• biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
• septic tank • thermal pollution • eutrophication •
• thermal shock • cultural eutrophication • leach field
 • maximum contaminant levels (MCL)

Chapter 9&10 Vocabulary

Chapter 9

 Aquifers • Saltwater intrusion • Dikes
• Unconfined aquifers • Floodplain • Dam
• Confined aquifers • Oligotrophic • Reservoir
• Water table • Mesotrophic • Fish ladders
• Recharge • Eutrophic • Aqueducts
• Springs • Impermeable surfaces • Desalinization
• Artesian wells • Levee • Hydroponic agriculture
• Cone of depression


Chapter 10

• Tragedy of the commons • Prescribed burn • Induced demand
• Externality • National wildlife refuges • Zoning
• Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) • National wilderness areas
 • Multi-use zoning • Resource conservation ethic
• National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) • Subsidized mortgages
 • Multiple-use lands • Environmental impact statement (EIS)
• Smart growth • Rangelands • Environmental mitigation plan
• Stakeholders • Forests • Suburban • Sense of place
• Clear-cutting • Exurban • Transit-oriented development (TOD)
• Selective cutting • Urban sprawl • Infill
• Ecologically sustainable forestry • Urban blight • Urban growth boundaries
• Tree plantations • Highway Trust Fund • Eminent domain

Chapter 7&8 Vocabulary

Chapter 7

• Demography • Developed countries • Population momentum
• Demographers • Developing countries • Theory of demographic transition
• Immigration • Life expectancy • Family planning
• Emigration • Infant mortality • Affluence
• Crude birth rate • Child mortality • IPAT equation
• Crude death rate • Age structure diagrams • Urban area
• Total fertility rate (TFR) • Population pyramid
 • Gross domestic product (GDP) • Replacement-level fertility


Chapter 8

• Core • Richter scale • E horizon • Mantle • Rock cycle
 • B horizon • Magma • Minerals • C horizon
• Asthenosphere • Igneous rocks • Texture
• Lithosphere • Intrusive • Cation exchange capacity
• Crust • Extrusive • Soil bases • Hot spots • Fractures • Soil acids
• Plate tectonics • Sedimentary rocks • Base saturation
• Tectonic cycle • Metamorphic rocks • Soil degradation
• Subduction • Physical weathering • Crustal abundance
• Volcano • Chemical weathering • Ores
• Divergent plate boundaries • Acid rain • Metals
• Seafloor spreading • Erosion • Reserve • Convergent plate boundaries
• Deposition • Strip mining • Transform fault boundary • Soil
 • Mining spoils (tailings) • Fault • Parent material • Open-pit mining
• Fault zones • Horizons • Mountaintop removal • Earthquakes
 • O horizon • Placer mining • Seismic activity • A horizon
 • Subsurface mining • Epicenter • Topsoil

Chapter 5&6 Vocabulary

Chapter 5

VOCABULARY TERMS 

• ecosystem diversity • recombination • sympatric speciation 

• species diversity • phenotype • genetically modified organisms 

• genetic diversity • evolution by artificial selection • range of tolerance 

• species richness • evolution by natural selection • fundamental niche 

• species evenness • fitness • realized niche • phylogenies • adaptations • distribution 

• evolution • genetic drift • niche generalists • microevolution • bottleneck effect
 • niche specialists • macroevolution • founder effect • fossils • genes
 • geographic isolation • mass extinction • genotype

 • reproductive isolation • mutation • allopatric speciation 

Chapter 6 

• Population • Exponential growth model • Resource partitioning 

• Community • J-shaped • Predation • Population ecology • Logistic growth model
• Pathogens • Population size • S-shaped • Mutualism
 • Population density • Overshoot • Commensalism 

• Population distribution • Die-off • Symbiotic • Sex ratio
• K-selected species • Keystone species • Age structure
 • R-selected species • predator-mediated competition 

• Density-dependent factors • Survivorship curves • Ecosystem engineers 

• Limiting resource • Corridors • Ecological succession 

• Carrying capacity • Metapopulation • Primary succession • Density-independent factors 

• Community ecology • Secondary succession • Growth rate • Competition • Pioneer species 

• Intrinsic growth rate • Competitive exclusion principle • Theory of island biogeography

Biodiversity Hotspot assignment